New regime (default)
| Total income | Rate |
|---|---|
| Up to ₹4,00,000 | Nil |
| ₹4,00,001 to ₹8,00,000 | 5% |
| ₹8,00,001 to ₹12,00,000 | 10% |
| ₹12,00,001 to ₹16,00,000 | 15% |
| ₹16,00,001 to ₹20,00,000 | 20% |
| ₹20,00,001 to ₹24,00,000 | 25% |
| Above ₹24,00,000 | 30% |
Same slabs for every age. Applies to individuals, HUFs, AOPs, BOIs and artificial juridical persons unless they opt out. Salaried people can switch every year; those with business income can opt out only once.
Old regime
| Total income | Below 60 | 60 to 79 | 80 and above |
|---|---|---|---|
| Up to ₹2,50,000 | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| ₹2,50,001 to ₹3,00,000 | 5% | Nil | Nil |
| ₹3,00,001 to ₹5,00,000 | 5% | 5% | Nil |
| ₹5,00,001 to ₹10,00,000 | 20% | 20% | 20% |
| Above ₹10,00,000 | 30% | 30% | 30% |
Age-based exemption limits apply to resident individuals only. Non-residents and HUFs use the below-60 column.
Rebate, standard deduction and cess
| Item | New regime | Old regime |
|---|---|---|
| Rebate (resident individuals only) | Up to ₹60,000 if total income is up to ₹12,00,000, with marginal relief just above | Up to ₹12,500 if total income is up to ₹5,00,000 |
| Rebate on special-rate income | Not available on income taxed at special rates, such as capital gains under old sections 111A and 112A | Available on 111A gains, not on 112A gains |
| Standard deduction on salary or pension | ₹75,000 | ₹50,000 |
| Deduction on family pension | ₹25,000 | ₹15,000 |
| Employer's NPS contribution | Up to 14% of salary | Up to 10% of salary |
| Health and education cess | 4% of tax plus surcharge | 4% of tax plus surcharge |
With the standard deduction, a salaried person in the new regime pays no tax up to a salary of ₹12,75,000.
Surcharge: individuals and HUFs
| Total income | New | Old |
|---|---|---|
| ₹50 lakh to ₹1 crore | 10% | 10% |
| ₹1 crore to ₹2 crore | 15% | 15% |
| ₹2 crore to ₹5 crore | 25% | 25% |
| Above ₹5 crore | 25% | 37% |
Surcharge on dividends and on capital gains under old sections 111A, 112 and 112A is capped at 15%. Marginal relief applies at each threshold.
Special rates
| Income | Rate |
|---|---|
| Short-term gains on listed shares and equity funds (old 111A) | 20% |
| Long-term gains on listed shares and equity funds (old 112A) | 12.5% above ₹1,25,000 |
| Other long-term gains (old 112) | 12.5% without indexation |
| Lottery, puzzles, online games, betting | 30% |
| Virtual digital assets (crypto) | 30% |
Resident individuals and HUFs selling land or buildings bought before 23 July 2024 can pay 20% with indexation if that is lower. Our capital gains calculator compares both.
Firms, LLPs and companies
| Taxpayer | Rate | Surcharge | Effective rate (top) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Partnership firm or LLP | 30% | 12% if income exceeds ₹1 crore | 34.944% |
| Domestic company, turnover up to ₹400 crore in the base year | 25% | 7% above ₹1 crore; 12% above ₹10 crore | 29.12% |
| Other domestic companies | 30% | 7% above ₹1 crore; 12% above ₹10 crore | 34.944% |
| Domestic company opting for 22% (old 115BAA) | 22% | 10% flat | 25.168% |
Effective rates include the highest surcharge and 4% cess. Firms and LLPs that claim profit-linked deductions may pay alternate minimum tax at 18.5%; companies outside the 22% option pay minimum alternate tax at 15% of book profit. Old section numbers are shown because they are still widely used; the Income-tax Act, 2025 renumbers these provisions from tax year 2026-27. Rates are for information only; confirm with us before relying on them.